Amakuru

Mubyerekanwe na film documentaire "Ingoma ya plastike", kuruhande rumwe, hari imisozi yimyanda ya plastike mubushinwa; Ku rundi ruhande, abacuruzi b'Abashinwa bahora batumiza imyanda ya plastiki. Kuki utumiza imyanda iva mu mahanga? Kuki "imyanda yera" Ubushinwa bukunze kubona butongera gukoreshwa? Nukuri mubyukuri biteye ubwoba gutumiza imyanda ya plastiki? Ibikurikira, reka dusesengure dusubize. Imashini ya plastike

Imyanda ya plastiki, icyangombwa nukwerekeza kubikoresho bisigaye mubikorwa byo gutunganya plastike nibikoresho byajanjaguwe byibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki nyuma yo kubitunganya. Ibicuruzwa byinshi byashyizwe mubikorwa bya pulasitiki, nkibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yubukorikori, amacupa ya pulasitike, CD, ingunguru ya pulasitike, agasanduku ka pulasitike, nibindi, birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora plastike no kuyitunganya nyuma yo kuyanduza, kuyisukura, kumenagura no kuyisya. Imikorere yibintu bimwe na bimwe bya plastiki birarenze ndetse nibisanzwe muri rusange birwanya ruswa.

1 、 Gusubiramo, hari byinshi bikunze gukoreshwa (granulator ya plastike)
Nyuma yo gutunganya, imyanda ya plastike irashobora gukorwa mubindi bintu byinshi, nk'imifuka ya pulasitike, ingunguru ya pulasitike, n'ibindi bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bya buri munsi. Irakeneye gusa guhindura bimwe mubiranga plastiki yumwimerere ndetse no gukoresha plastike nshya, bitajyanye gusa n’agaciro gakomeye k’ibidukikije bya plastiki, ahubwo bifitanye isano n’umusaruro n’umutekano bya plastiki ukurikije Uwiteka ibiranga ibyuma byumwimerere.

2 、 Ubushinwa busaba, bukeneye ariko ntibuhagije
Nkigihugu gikora plastike kandi gikoresha isi yose, Ubushinwa bwakoze kandi bukora 1/4 cya plastiki kwisi kuva mu 2010, kandi ibyo ukoresha bingana na 1/3 byumusaruro wisi. Ndetse no muri 2014, igihe iterambere ry’inganda zikora plastike ryagabanutse buhoro buhoro, Ubushinwa umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike wari toni miliyoni 7.388, mu gihe Ubushinwa bwakoresheje toni miliyoni 9.325, bwiyongereyeho 22% na 16% mu mwaka wa 2010.
Isabwa ryinshi rituma ibikoresho fatizo bya pulasitike bihinduka ibicuruzwa nkenerwa nubucuruzi bunini. Umusaruro n’inganda biva mu gutunganya, gutunganya no gutunganya imyanda. Raporo y’isesengura y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu z’Ubushinwa n’inganda zikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibikoresho bya elegitoronike zashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi, mu mwaka wa 2014 ni yo yari umubare munini w’imyanda y’imyanda ikoreshwa mu gihugu hose, ariko yari toni miliyoni 20 gusa, bingana na 22% by’ibikoreshwa mbere .
Gutumiza mu mahanga imyanda iva mu mahanga ntabwo iri munsi y’igiciro cy’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bitumizwa mu mahanga, ariko kandi icyangombwa ni uko plastiki nyinshi z’imyanda zishobora gukomeza gukora neza cyane no gutunganya ibintu hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imiti nyuma yo gukemuka. Byongeye kandi, imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga n’ibiciro byo gutwara abantu ni bike, bityo rero hari umwanya runaka w’inyungu ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa n’itunganywa ry’Ubushinwa. Muri icyo gihe, plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa nayo ifite isoko rikomeye mu Bushinwa. Kubwibyo, hamwe nigiciro cyinshi cyo kurwanya ruswa, ibigo byinshi kandi byinshi bitumiza imyanda ya plastike kugirango igenzure ibiciro.

Kuki "imyanda yera" Ubushinwa bukunze kubona butongera gukoreshwa?
Amashanyarazi yimyanda ni ubwoko bwibikoresho, ariko gusa plastiki yimyanda isukuye irashobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi, cyangwa ikongera gukoreshwa mugusya, gutunganya, gutunganya amarangi, ibikoresho byo gushushanya, nibindi. Kuri iki cyiciro, nubwo plastiki yimyanda isanzwe ifite ibintu bitandukanye. imikoreshereze nyamukuru, ntabwo yumvikana neza mubuhanga bwo gutunganya, kugenzura no gukemura. Igice cya kabiri cyo gutunganya imyanda ya plastiki igomba kuba igihe nigiciro, kandi ubwiza bwibikoresho fatizo byakozwe kandi bitunganijwe nabyo biragoye cyane.
Niyo mpamvu, ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho byiza by’umusaruro n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya plastiki y’imyanda kugira ngo igere ku muti utagira ingaruka no kuyikoresha neza ni ubufasha bwa tekinike mu kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere; Gushiraho no gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko n'amabwiriza agenga gushyira mu myanda, gutunganya no kuyakoresha ni cyo kintu cy'ibanze gisabwa kugira ngo "imyanda yera" ikosorwe mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro.

3 、 Wishingikirize kumasoko yo hanze kugirango uzigame ingufu
Gutumiza mu mahanga imyanda ya plastike hamwe no gutunganya no gutunganya imyanda ya plastike ntibishobora kugabanya gusa itandukaniro riri hagati yo gutanga no gukenera ibikoresho fatizo bya pulasitike, ariko kandi birashobora no kuzigama ibicuruzwa byinshi by’ivunjisha ry’amavuta yatumijwe mu Bushinwa. Ibikoresho fatizo bya plastiki ni peteroli, kandi amakara y’Ubushinwa ni make. Kuzana imyanda ya plastike irashobora kugabanya ikibazo cyibura ryumutungo mubushinwa.
Kurugero, amacupa ya kokiya na Aquarius ya plastike, bishobora gutabwa byoroshye, ni umutungo munini cyane wamabuye y'agaciro niba yongeye gukoreshwa kandi ugashyirwa hamwe. Toni yimyanda irashobora gukora 600kg yimodoka ya lisansi na moteri ya mazutu, ibika umutungo murwego runini.
Kubera ko umutungo w’ibidukikije ugenda wiyongera ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro fatizo bikomeje kwiyongera, umusaruro n’inganda z’ibanze bya kabiri bigenda bihangayikishwa n’abakora inganda n’abakora. Gukoresha plastiki itunganijwe neza kugirango ikore umusaruro n’inganda birashobora kuzamura mu buryo bwuzuye guhangana n’abakora inganda n’abakora mu buryo bubiri bw’iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurengera ibidukikije. Ugereranije na plastiki nshya, gukoresha plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango ukore umusaruro ninganda birashobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu 80% kugeza 90%.